Written by: Bavi Sadayappan, Zach Riddle, Jordan Nuce, Joshua Shilko, Jeremy Kennelly
A version of this blog post was published to the Mandiant Advantage portal on April 18, 2024.
Executive Summary
In 2023, Mandiant observed an increase in ransomware activity as compared to 2022, based on a significant rise in posts on data leak sites and a moderate increase in Mandiant-led ransomware investigations.
Mandiant observed an increase in the proportion of new ransomware variants compared to new families, with around one third of new families observed in 2023 being variants of previously identified ransomware families.
Actors engaged in the post-compromise deployment of ransomware continue to predominately rely on commercially available and legitimate tools to facilitate their intrusion operations. Notably, we continue to observe a decline in the use of Cobalt Strike BEACON, and a corresponding increase in the use of legitimate remote access tools.
In almost one third of incidents, ransomware was deployed within 48 hours of initial attacker access. Seventy-six percent (76%) of ransomware deployments took place outside of work hours, with the majority occurring in the early morning.
Mandiant\'s recommendations to assist in addressing the threat posed by ransomware are captured in our Ransomware Protection and Containment Strategies: Practical Guidance for Hardening and Protecting Infrastructure, Identities and Endpoints white paper.
Introduction
Threat actors have remained driven to conduct ransomware operations due to their profitability, particularly in comparison to other types of cyber crime. Mandiant observed an increase in ransomware activity in 2023 compared to 2022, including a 75% increase in posts on data leak sites (DLS), and an over 20% increase in Mandiant-led investigations involving ransomware from 2022 to 2023 (Figure 1). These observations are consistent with other reporting, which shows a record-breaking more than $1 billion USD paid to ransomware attackers in 2023.
This illustrates that the slight dip in extortion activity observed in 2022 was an anomaly, potentially due to factors such as the invasion of Ukraine and the leaked CONTI chats. The current resurgence in extortion activity is likely driven by various factors, including the resettling of the cyber criminal ecosystem following a tumultuous year in 2022, new entrants, and new partnerships and ransomware service offerings by actors previously associated with prolific groups that had been disrupted.
This blog post provides an overview of the ransomware landscape and common tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) directly observed by Mandiant in 2023 ransomware incidents. Our analysis of TTPs relies primarily on data from Mandiant incident response engagements and therefore represe