Écrit par: Casey Charrier, James Sadowski, Clement Lecigne, Vlad Stolyarov
Résumé exécutif
GoogleThreat Intelligence Group (GTIG) tracked 75 zero-day vulnerabilities exploited in the wild in 2024, a decrease from the number we identified in 2023 (98 vulnerabilities), but still an increase from 2022 (63 vulnerabilities). We divided the reviewed vulnerabilities into two main categories: end-user platforms and products (e.g., mobile devices, operating systems, and browsers) and enterprise-focused technologies, such as security software and appliances.
Vendors continue to drive improvements that make some zero-day exploitation harder, demonstrated by both dwindling numbers across multiple categories and reduced observed attacks against previously popular targets. At the same time, commercial surveillance vendors (CSVs) appear to be increasing their operational security practices, potentially leading to decreased attribution and detection.
We see zero-day exploitation targeting a greater number and wider variety of enterprise-specific technologies, although these technologies still remain a smaller proportion of overall exploitation when compared to end-user technologies. While the historic focus on the exploitation of popular end-user technologies and their users continues, the shift toward increased targeting of enterprise-focused products will require a wider and more diverse set of vendors to increase proactive security measures in order to reduce future zero-day exploitation attempts.
Scope
This report describes what Google Threat Intelligence Group (GTIG) knows about zero-day exploitation in 2024. We discuss how targeted vendors and exploited products drive trends that reflect threat actor goals and shifting exploitation approaches, and then closely examine several examples of zero-day exploitation from 2024 that demonstrate how actors use both historic and novel techniques to exploit vulnerabilities in targeted products. The following content leverages original research conducted by GTIG, combined with breach investigation findings and reporting from reliable open sources, though we cannot independently confirm the reports of every source. Research in this space is dynamic and the numbers may adjust due to the ongoing discovery of past incidents through digital forensic investigations. The numbers presented here reflect our best understanding of current data.
GTIG defines a zero-day as a vulnerability that was maliciously exploited in the wild before a patch was made publicly available. GTIG acknowledges that the trends observed and discussed in this report are based on detected and disclosed zero-days. Our analysis represents exploitation tracked by GTIG but may not reflect all zero-day exploitation.
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Key Takeaways
Zero-day exploitation continues to grow gradually. The 75 zero-day vulnerabilities exploited in 2024 follow a pattern that has emerged