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kovrr.webp 2023-11-28 00:00:00 Enquêter sur le risque de références compromises et d'actifs exposés à Internet explorez le rapport révélant les industries et les tailles d'entreprise avec les taux les plus élevés d'identification compromises et d'actifs exposés à Internet.En savoir plus
Investigating the Risk of Compromised Credentials and Internet-Exposed Assets Explore the report revealing industries and company sizes with the highest rates of compromised credentials and internet-exposed assets. Read More
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IntroductionIn this report, Kovrr collected and analyzed data to better understand one of the most common initial access vectors (1) - the use of compromised credentials (Valid Accounts - T1078) (2) to access internet-exposed assets (External Remote Services - T113) (3). The toxic combination of these two initial access vectors can allow malicious actors to gain a foothold in company networks before moving on to the next stage of their attack, which can be data theft, ransomware, denial of service, or any other action. There are numerous examples of breaches perpetrated by many attack groups that have occurred using this combination, for example, breaches by Lapsus (4) and APT39 (5), among others. ‍This report seeks to demonstrate which industries and company sizes have the highest percentage of compromised credentials and number of internet-exposed assets and face a higher risk of having their networks breached by the toxic combination of the initial access vectors mentioned above.‍It should be noted that having an asset exposed to the internet does not inherently pose a risk or indicate that a company has poor security. In our highly digitized world, companies are required to expose services to the internet so their services can be accessed by customers, vendors, and remote employees. These services include VPN servers, SaaS applications developed by the company, databases, and shared storage units. However, there are some common cases when having an asset exposed to the internet can be extremely risky, for example:‍When a company unintentionally exposes an asset due to misconfiguration.When a malicious third party obtains compromised credentials of a legitimate third party and accesses an exposed asset.  ‍To limit unnecessary internet exposure, companies should employ the following possible mitigations:‍Use Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for any services or assets that require a connection so that compromised credentials on their own will not be enough to breach an exposed asset.Limit access to the asset to only specific accounts, domains, and/or IP ranges.Segment the internal company network and isolate critical areas so that even if a network is breached through access to an external asset, attackers will not be able to use that access to reach wider or more sensitive areas of the company network. ‍Summary‍The following are the main findings from the collected data:‍The Services industry is by far the most exposed to attackers. Companies from that industry have the highest percentage of compromised credentials (74%). However, they have a relatively low amount of internet-exposed assets per company (34%). However, given that an average cyber loss in this industry has been shown to be about $45M, this is highly concerning (6). The Services industry (SIC Division I) is followed by Division E (Transportation, Communications, Electric, Gas, and Sanitary Services, with an average loss of around $58M), which is followed by Division D (Manufacturing, with an average loss of around $25M). The revenue range for companies with the highest number of compromised credentials is $1M-$10M, followed by $10M-$50M. A similar trend is also observed when evaluating company size by the number of employees. Indeed, companies with fewer employees have a higher share of compromised credentials. On average, the larger the company (both in terms of revenue and number of employees (7)), the greater the number of internet-exposed assets.There is a correlation between the industries and revenue ranges of companies targeted by ransomware and those with the highest share of compromised credentials.   ‍Methodology‍The data for this research was collected as follows:‍Data regarding compromised credentials was first collected from Hudson Rock, a provider of various cybercrime data. Data was collected for the previous six months, beginning March 2023. This data Threat Ransomware Cloud Studies Prediction APT 39 APT 39 APT 17 ★★★
kovrr.webp 2023-11-14 00:00:00 Les évaluations de la cybersécurité et la fortification des défenses numériques avec CRQ évaluant les cyber-risques sont essentielles pour développer des plans d'action basés sur les données pour stimuler les défenses numériques.Découvrez quelle évaluation vous soutient le mieux pour atteindre les objectifs de cybersécurité.En savoir plus
Cybersecurity Assessments and Fortifying Digital Defenses With CRQ Assessing cyber risk is critical for developing data-driven action plans to boost digital defenses. Discover which assessment best supports you in reaching cybersecurity goals. Read More
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The Vital Role of Cyber Assessments and Fortifying Digital Defenses ‍As cyber attacks become more sophisticated and complex and regulatory bodies impose stricter cybersecurity requirements, organizations worldwide are facing mounting pressure to adopt security solutions. Understandably, many executives have reacted by implementing a multitude of security tools that supposedly complement one another and better protect organization systems.  ‍However, this strategy often falls short, preventing stakeholders from comprehensively understanding their unique cyber environments. Instead of developing an intimate knowledge of the business units most vulnerable to threats, organizations risk exposing their assets due to their adopt-as-many-tools-as-possible approach. ‍After all, providing effective protection against what remains relatively unknown is impossible.‍This widespread ignorance about the cyber environment is precisely why cyber assessments are so crucial. These evaluations offer a structured approach to identifying, analyzing, and mitigating digital vulnerabilities and provide organizations with a detailed blueprint of their most susceptible business units.‍Not All Assessments Are Created Equal ‍While all cyber assessments help businesses become more aware of their cyber risk levels, it’s essential to note that not all reveal the same insights. There are various types of assessments, each tailored to meet specific goals. Some analyze overall cybersecurity posture, while others dive deeper into specific areas, such as compliance and incident response planning. ‍Each of the available assessments offers organizations valuable data, security leaders can leverage to make informed decisions. Before choosing which IT environment evaluation to invest in, it’s important to discuss with key stakeholders and executives what you’d like to achieve with the new information you’ll discover. ‍Defining a Goal: Risk, Governance, or Compliance ‍A great place to start when determining organizational goals for the assessment is cybersecurity risk, governance, and compliance (GRC). Cyber GRC is a commonly used industry framework and set of practices that businesses of all sizes harness to manage and secure their information systems, data, and assets. Each of these components serves a specific purpose.  ‍Risk ‍A cyber risk assessment aims to identify the factors that make a company vulnerable, generate conclusions regarding the vectors most likely to be the origin of an attack (due to those vulnerabilities), and offer insights about the level of damage a cyber event would cause. ‍Companies can proactively address the relevant business units by revealing threat likelihood levels. This information also helps cyber teams determine which areas they want to devote the most resources to. It\'s important to note that both qualitative and quantitative risk assessments exist. ‍Governance ‍The role of cyber governance is to establish a framework of policies, procedures, and decision-making processes to ensure that cybersecurity efforts are embedded within the broader company culture and align with business goals. It likewise evaluates how well cyber strategies match overall objectives, offering cyber teams an opportunity to better coordinate with other executives and teams. ‍An assessment focused on governance also determines if cybersecurity responsibilities are appropriately distributed throughout the organization, such as whether employees are required to use multi-factor authentication (MFA). Other included evaluation points are training programs, incident reporting mechanisms, and event response planning, all of which directly impact an organization’s risk level. ‍Compliance ‍One would conduct a compliance assessment to ensure an organization Threat Data Breach Tool Technical Vulnerability ★★★
kovrr.webp 2023-10-04 00:00:00 Fortune 1000 Cyber Risk Reportkovrrrr \\\'s Fortune 1000 Report tire des motifs de quantification innovante pour fournir aux entreprises une référence pour évaluer les fréquences relatives de cyber-risques et la gravité
Fortune 1000 Cyber Risk ReportKovrr\\\'s Fortune 1000 report leverages our innovative quantification models to provide companies with a benchmark for gauging relative cyber risk frequencies and severitiesRead More
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Executive SummaryThe growing rate of global cyber events, throughout all industries, has elevated cybersecurity governance to the forefront of corporate concern. Indeed, this rising prevalence spurred the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in July 2023 to mandate the disclosure of "material" cyber threats and incidents, albeit within a framework of somewhat ambiguous materiality definitions.  This report leverages Kovrr’s risk quantification models to highlight the likely occurrence and relative costs of “material” cyber incidents companies might experience in the coming year, potentially eliciting consequences significant enough for SEC disclosures. Ultimately, Kovrr aims to provide insights for those companies seeking a deeper understanding of the types of cyber events and their respective financial impacts that are most likely to be disclosed in the coming years.MethodologyThe results of this report were determined via a comprehensive benchmarking exercise, using the US Fortune 1000 companies as the sample set due to the companies\' diverse range of industries. Kovrr\'s models capture a detailed representation of each company\'s technological profile and simulate yearly cyber event scenarios tailored to each company’s exposure to risk. ‍The models reveal “material” incidents in the form of data breaches, extortions, interruptions, and service provider events1. This report defines materiality as an interruption incident lasting over one hour or an incident where confidential data is breached. Smaller, non-material incidents are grouped and modeled in aggregate.‍Kovrr’s models produce an assessment of the likely frequency and severity of cyber breaches experienced by Fortune 1000 companies, harnessing our industry insights from previously disclosed breaches, insurance claims data, and incidents that have not been publicly disclosed.----1Event incidents (data breaches, extortions, interruptions, and service provider events) are defined at the end of the report.‍Key FindingsCyber Risk Across All IndustriesThe Oil, Gas Extraction, and Mining sector exhibits the highest probability of experiencing a material cyber event, with a frequency of 0.82 events per year (or approximately one material event every 1.2 years). However, the anticipated financial impact remains relatively modest, with a median cost of $28m. In contrast, the Utilities and Infrastructure industry faces a cyber event frequency of 0.62 events per year and a substantial financial impact of $57.9m.Annual Cost ScenariosAverage Annual Loss (AAL), which combines event frequency and cost across the full range of possibilities, allows us to compare the overall risk between industries. The Finance and Real Estate industry has the highest AAL at $34.3m, owing to the substantial financial ramifications of infrequent but high-impact events. Conversely, the Construction industry has the lowest AAL at $7.3m , indicative of its relatively lower exposure to cyber risk.Event DriversThe cyber event types reviewed in this report were interruptions, third-party service provider incidents, extortion events, and data breaches. The report reveals that interruption events are prevalent across industries. Also notably, the Retail Trade industry faces an annual frequency of 0.47 for data breaches (or approximately one material incident every 2 years), while the Finance and Real Estate sector follows closely with 0.42, underscoring their heightened exposure to data-centric cyber incidents.Cost DriversHighly regulated industries, notably Finance and Retail Trade, record the highest median costs per cyber event, totaling $70.5M, due to their extensive accumulation of PII. Third-party liability, regulatory compliance, and productivity loss augment the financial impact. The report also breaks down these costs further according to event type.Secondary Loss ConsiderationsWhile the primary financial impact is evident almost immediately, secondary losses often extend widely Threat Ransomware Data Breach Studies ★★★
kovrr.webp 2023-07-13 00:00:00 Le Ransomware Threat Landscape H1-23 Ce rapport fournit une analyse complète de toutes les attaques de ransomwares connues qui ont été signalées au cours des deux premiers trimestres de 2023.
The Ransomware Threat Landscape H1-23This report provides a comprehensive analysis of all known ransomware attacks that were reported during the first two quarters of 2023.Read More
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Introduction‍In this comprehensive report, Kovrr collected and analyzed data on all known ransomware attacks reported during the first two quarters of 2023. The data was collected from multiple sources, all aggregated and updated regularly in Kovrr’s Threat Intelligence Database. The database includes data on many different types of cyber incidents, but this report includes only data on ransomware attacks, excluding data on any other type of attacks. The ransomware groups covered in this report all operate as a RaaS (Ransomware as a Service), a business model through which the ransomware binary and operation are sold or leased to operators, called affiliates. This means that a ransomware operation is composed of many different individuals, with separate roles, and the extortion profits are divided between them. Some individuals are responsible for initial access to the targets, others to lateral movement to interesting and profitable areas in the victim network, while others are responsible for the ransomware infection itself, and others negotiate with the victim after infection. ‍Summary‍These are the main insights from the collected data:There is a 32% drop in attack amounts in H1-23 compared to H2-22. It is important to note that this drop can also be due to delayed reporting of cyber incidents by attacked companies.The top ten most active groups observed during the first half of 2023 are AvosLocker, Bianlian, BlackBasta, BlackCat, Clop, Lockbit 3.0, MedusaLocker, Play, Royal, and ViceSociety. All 10 actors accounted for 87% of attacks during this period, while the top  3 groups (Lockbit 3.0, BlackCat, and Clop) accounted for 53% of all claimed attacks during this period. The average lifespan of a ransomware group is 262 days, while the median is 167 days. In an average month, 18.3 different ransomware groups are active.The most targeted industry is the Services industry, while companies with a revenue of $10M-$50M are the most common targets. ‍Data Collection Methods and Possible Biases‍The data for this research was collected from Kovrr’s Threat Intelligence Database, that collects data from multiple sources, and includes information on different types of cyber incidents. Specifically for this report, data was collected mainly from ransomware leak sites, public filings of attacked companies, and news reports on ransomware attacks. The data from ransomware leak sites was collected mainly from Double Extortion (https://doubleextortion.com), a data source providing up to date information from ransomware leak sites. The rest of the data was collected using proprietary sources and methods. This data was then combined with additional sources to collect company business information and is limited to ransomware attacks that occurred and were reported in the first two quarters of 2023, between January 1st 2023 and June 31st 2023. There are several possible biases in the data that may affect the results presented in the report. Data collection for this research relied either on a company filing a notification on a ransomware attack, or a ransomware group uploading information about a victim. Therefore, in the case that a company decided not to file a notice of a ransomware attack, for example due to not being legally required to do so, it will not be included in our data. This means that companies  located in countries that require data breach notifications, such as companies in the United States or the European Union, are expected to have a higher representation in our data. This is also true for companies in more regulated industries, such as healthcare. Regarding data retrieved from ransom group sites, there may be cases where an attacker did not upload data on the attack victim, as the victim paid the ransom, or for other reasons. This means that some victims that have quickly paid ransoms following an attack might not appear in our data. Additionally,, we have previously researched Threat Ransomware Data Breach Cloud Vulnerability APT 17 ★★★
kovrr.webp 2023-06-12 00:00:00 Ransomware in Transportation: une plongée profonde dans les menaces de cybersécurité et la tendance comprise l'impact de la cybersécurité sur l'aviation, la maritime et l'industrie du transport
Ransomware In Transportation: A Deep Dive into Cybersecurity Threats and TrendsUnderstanding the impact of cybersecurity on aviation, maritime, and transportation industriesRead More
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Ransomware attacks have become a significant cybersecurity issue, causing severe financial loss and reputational damage for those affected. The use of sophisticated techniques and various delivery channels, such as phishing emails and software vulnerabilities, have made these attacks more challenging to prevent. This report provides a short synopsis of data and statistics from Kovrr’s cyber incident database spanning the previous three years.‍MaritimeThe maritime industry involves all activities related to sea transportation, including the operation, maintenance, and management of ships and other vessels. It encompasses both commercial and military maritime activities, such as cargo and passenger shipping, offshore oil and gas exploration, and naval operations. The maritime industry is critical to global trade, supporting the movement of goods and commodities around the world. The industry is also subject to international regulations, ensuring safety, security, and environmental protection. Advancements in technology and increasing concerns about sustainability are shaping the future of the maritime industry.Main ransomware actors 2020-2022: 1. LockBitLockBit is a ransomware gang that emerged in 2019. They use advanced techniques to encrypt files and demand large ransoms. LockBit has targeted various organizations globally and is known to steal sensitive data and threaten to release it if the ransom is not paid. The group is believed to operate from Russia and is linked to other cybercriminal organizations in the region.2. REvil (Sodinokibi)Revil is a prominent ransomware group that has been active since 2019. They are infamous for their sophisticated attacks on high-profile organizations, including celebrities and large corporations. The group is known for their double-extortion tactics. Revil is believed to be a Russian-speaking group, and their ransom demands are usually in the seven-figure range. The group has also been linked to other cybercriminal organizations and is known for their use of zero-day exploits to bypass security measures.3. Mespinoza (Pysa)Mespinoza is a relatively new ransomware gang that appeared in 2020. They are known for their targeted attacks on high-profile organizations and their use of double-extortion tactics. Mespinoza\'s ransom demands are usually in the six-figure range, and they threaten to release sensitive data if the ransom is not paid. The group is believed to be based in Eastern Europe and has targeted industries such as healthcare and education.‍Distribution of Company Revenue Range According to the Amount of Ransomware Attacks:‍‍‍‍‍‍‍AviationThe aviation industry encompasses all activities related to air transportation, including the design, manufacture, operation, and maintenance of aircrafts. It includes both commercial and military aviation, as well as the infrastructure and regulations that support air travel. The aviation industry has a significant impact on global commerce and tourism, facilitating the movement of people and goods around the world. The industry is highly regulated to ensure safety and security, and technological advancements continue to shape the future of air transportation.‍Main ransomware actors 2020-2022: 1. LockBitLockBit is a ransomware gang that emerged in 2019. They use advanced techniques to encrypt files and demand large ransoms. LockBit has targeted various organizations globally and is known to steal sensitive data and threaten to release it if the ransom is not paid. The group is believed to operate from Russia and is linked to other cybercriminal organizations in the region. They were also main actors in the Maritime industry. 2. AvaddonAvaddon is another relatively new ransomware gang that appeared in early 2020. They use advanced double-extortion tactics, targeting various industries and operating as a Ransomware-as-a-Service. Avaddon\'s ransom demands are usually high, and is believed to be based in Russia or Eastern Europe.3. Maz Threat Ransomware Malware ★★★
kovrr.webp 2022-07-11 00:00:00 Why Hackers Love Credentials: Parsing Verizon’s 2022 Breach ReportWith CRQ, it’s possible to make decisions about how much of a priority to place on credential risk, and plan a budget accordingly.Read More (lien direct) The 2022 Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report (DBIR), the fifteenth such report in as many years, leads off with a startling statistic: Credentials are the number one overall attack vector hackers use in data breaches. Use of stolen credentials accounts for nearly half the breaches studied by Verizon, far ahead of phishing and exploit vulnerabilities, which account for 19% and 8% of attacks, respectively. Botnets, the fourth most common entry path for hackers, represent a mere 1% of attacks.Credentials are the number one attack vector in several categories of attack covered in the report. In cases of web application attacks, for example, Verizon research attributes over 80% of attacks attributed to stolen credentials—surpassing exploited vulnerabilities and brute force attacks, which occur in fewer than 20% of cases. Forty three percent of Business email compromise (BEC) involve the use of stolen credentials as the way into the target organization.Why credentials are such a popular targetIf you’re a hacker, stealing user credentials makes a great deal of sense. After all, with valid credentials, you can legitimately gain access to networks and applications. There’s not a lot of hacking to do. You just log in like you belong there. Once you’re in, you enjoy the same system privileges as the user whose log in you have swiped. If that user is an administrator, all the better. You can modify systems, delete data, create new user accounts and on and on.Additionally (and unfortunately), legitimate user credentials are not that hard to get. In some cases, hackers don’t even have to engage in elaborate cyberattacks to get their hands on them. They can just buy them on the dark web. For not a lot of money, a low-skilled hacker can purchase real, current credentials for corporate system users.‍‍‍The scale of the credential vulnerabilityAccording to the Verizon report, credentials are not just a popular mode of attack. They are also among the most commonly breached forms of data. In system intrusion attacks, for example, credentials are the number one type of data compromised, targeted in 42% of attacks. In social engineering attacks, credentials are also the most popular targets, stolen in 63% of breaches.Of course stolen credentials are scary, but what are the true costs behind these types of attacks? Analysis of data from Kovrr’s cyber incidents database, which contains both threat intelligence and financial data on a vast collection of cyber incidents  show specific industries being specifically targeted by a breach of credentials.The table below represents the percentage of total stolen credentials from a specific industry out of all stolen credentials across industries i.e., if 100 records were stolen globally, 32.94 of these were stolen from the education industry. ‍The fact that education makes up such a large portion of total can be attributed to any number of factors. We assert that two of these are the most important: the large number of users that exist within the organization, and their tendency to change very often. Combined with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the sudden transition to remote studying and teaching, that factor became even more severe.The other industries that are most often victims of credentials theft (Information,Public Administration) are all natural targets for credential theft. By their nature, not only do they handle many user credentials, but they are also prime targets for spreading to new organizations.‍Costs Behind Stolen Credentials The most common motivation for credential theft is ransomware. It is one of the most useful leverages used, after an organization has been compromised, in order to monetize on the access achieved by the attacker.‍If we are to analyze the financial impact of a ransomware attack, we can see it consists of several components: the obvious extortion cost (in case the ransom is paid), response and restoration costs, le Threat Ransomware Data Breach Vulnerability ★★★
kovrr.webp 2022-01-19 00:00:00 Quelles tendances émergentes de cybersécurité devraient-elles être conscientes? Alors que le monde devient plus connecté numériquement, les entreprises doivent être conscientes des risques croissants de cybersécurité.
What Emerging Cybersecurity Trends Should Enterprises Be Aware Of?As the world becomes more digitally connected, enterprises need to be aware of the growing cybersecurity risks.Read More
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As the world becomes more digitally connected every year — and with the pandemic further accelerating digital transformation — all types of enterprises need to be aware of the growing cybersecurity risks that come with this shift. In Europe, for example, significant attacks on critical sectors more than doubled in 2020 compared to 2019, according to data from the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity, as reported by CNN. In 2021, the picture arguably became even bleaker around the world, with major ransomware attacks causing disruption to companies in industries ranging from energy to meat processing.In the first six months of 2021 alone, ransomware-related reported activity in the U.S. had a higher total value ($590 million) than all ransomware-related reported suspicious activity in the U.S. in 2020, according to the U.S. Department of Treasury\'s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN). The total number of suspicious events filed in the first six months of 2021 in the U.S. also exceeded all of what occurred in the country in 2020 by 30%, the agency reports. Yet it’s not just ransomware that’s wreaking havoc. Enterprises also need to be prepared for cyber threats like denial of service (DoS) attacks, where a flood of network activity can interrupt servers, thereby causing business interruption. Cisco predicts that distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks (a subset of DoS, which involves using multiple devices to send a flood of traffic, as opposed to just using one device with a DoS attack) globally will roughly “double from 7.9 million in 2018 to 15.4 million by 2023.”In addition to preparing for these types of cyberattacks, enterprises will also increasingly need to be aware of and comply with privacy-related regulations. As governments around the world try to bolster their cybersecurity responses, they are passing or at least considering new rules and guidance around how companies need to handle sensitive data and privacy issues. Amidst this preparation, enterprises also need to recognize that cybersecurity plans aren’t foolproof, especially as attacks evolve. That means assets could be at risk even with solid defenses in place. So, enterprises increasingly need to think about not just how to prevent cyber attacks but also consider the dollar-value cost of risk, given that events will inevitably occur. This process, known as cyber risk quantification — a form of financial quantification — helps enterprises think about and discuss cyber risk in definitive business terms. Knowing how much money is at stake and how different cyber events could affect revenue and profit can help businesses prioritize defenses and take mitigating action like securing cyber insurance. In this report, we’ll take a closer look at these emerging cybersecurity trends that enterprises should be aware of. Understanding these areas can help organizations potentially improve their risk management, both from a cybersecurity and overall governance standpoint. ‍‍Evolving Ransomware RisksWhile ransomware is not a new type of threat, the scale and intensity of ransomware continue to broaden. Enterprises large and small, across all types of industries, need to be prepared for these cyber attacks.For one, ransomware-as-a-service, “where ransomware variants are licensed to individuals and accomplices to execute attacks,” as Reuters explains, has been on the rise. Based on suspicious activity reports, FinCEN identified 68 ransomware variants in the first half of 2021.“The resulting emergence of new attackers has led to increased uncertainty and volatility for companies in responding to attacks due to the lack of information on the growing number of ransomware threat actors,” adds Reuters.Part of the problem is also that ransomware attacks aren’t just being launched on an ad-hoc basis by individuals. Instead, there’s in Threat Ransomware Cloud Tool Prediction ★★★
kovrr.webp 2021-12-20 00:00:00 7 Rapports qui peuvent vous aider à comprendre l'assurance contre le paysage de cyber-assurance continue de faire face à des marges d'érodage, les assureurs ayant du mal à quantifier les risques
7 Reports That Can Help You Understand the Cyber Insurance LandscapeCyber insurance continues to face eroding margins, with insurers having trouble quantifying the risks enterprises faceRead More
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The explosion of ransomware attacks and cybersecurity risk as a whole have made life tough for so many organizations across industries globally. Enterprises need to face these risks in what’s often a challenging business market anyway, and turning to potential solutions like cyber insurance comes with its own difficulties. The cyber insurance market continues to harden, with insurers facing eroding margins and often struggling to quantify the risk enterprises face. But it’s not all bad news. Cyber insurance companies and other enterprises who want to know the cyber landscape better have a wide range of resources to turn to. As the market matures, many quality research reports have emerged, including several that provide overviews and predictions for what will happen within cyber insurance and cybersecurity as a whole for 2021 and beyond. But which of these research reports should you read to strengthen your cyber knowledge and feel more prepared for what may come? In this article, we’ll provide a brief overview of seven of the top cyber insurance research reports for you to consider diving into more.1) Munich Re: Cyber insurance: Risks and trends 2021In the report “Cyber insurance: Risks and trends 2021,” the reinsurer Munich Re shares the results of the company’s first “Global Cyber Risk and Insurance Survey.”Some of the key findings include that amidst rapid digitization within companies, approximately four out of five C-suite executives do not think their company has adequate cyber threat protection. The top cyber threats feared by this group include fraud, data breaches and ransomware. The survey also finds gaps in cyber insurance knowledge, but the market could soon grow, with 35% of C-level respondents likely to soon take out a policy.Munich Re also notes the importance of cyber risk accumulation. While the company mentions its own accumulation models, “it is important to monitor the market and seek external expertise from different vendors in order to assure state of the art accumulation management,” the company says.2) Aon: Cyber Insurance Market Insights Q1 2021In one report from Aon, “Cyber Insurance Market Insights Q1 2021,” the firm highlights how the cyber insurance industry is changing amidst evolving cyber risks. In particular, the company highlights how issues such as ransomware, silent cyber exposure and the SolarWinds event have affected the cyber insurance market.With SolarWinds, for example, the “theft of investigative tools from a globally recognised cyber security and forensics firm is likely to lead to improved hacking tools in the hands of cyber criminals,” notes Aon.Amidst this backdrop, Aon sees more hardening within the market through 2021 and 2022. Insurers are looking closely at their underwriting practices while also assessing retention, limits and premiums to figure out the right mix to make cyber insurance viable. 3) Aon: 2021 Cyber Security Risk ReportAnother report by Aon, the “2021 Cyber Security Risk Report,” focuses more on the overall risk landscape from an enterprise perspective. In particular, Aon highlights four main cyber-related risks facing organizations today:Digitization: As companies rapidly digitize, particularly with Covid-19 changing the way many companies work, only 40% say they have “adequate remote work strategies to manage this risk.”Third-Party Risk: Organizations need to be aware of risks in their supply chains and among the various vendors they work with, yet only 21% have implemented “baseline measures” to oversee third-party risk.Ransomware: Ransomware attacks have been prevalent and damaging recently, and many are unprepared. Less than one-third of organizations say they’ve implemented “adequate business resilience measures” to handle this risk.Regulation: As stronger data security laws come into place, o Threat Ransomware Tool Prediction ★★★
kovrr.webp 2021-10-19 00:00:00 A Sneak Peek into Kovrr’s Data SourcesA sneak peek into Kovrr\\\'s unique data sources used exclusively for modeling purposesRead More (lien direct) Modeling impacts from cyber events requires extensive understanding of the cyber threat landscape. A core aspect of Kovrr’s cyber risk modeling data pipeline combines unique data sources to better inform the data points taken into account when building out the frequency and severity of cyber events. Access to these data sources is derived via partnerships reserved for Kovrr’s use exclusively for modeling purposes, developed among others with Israeli cybersecurity emerging vendors which continuously bring new exciting data and create a unique ecosystem. Hudson RockHudson Rock is a cybercrime intelligence startup with a database composed of millions of machines compromised in global malware spreading campaigns. The data is augmented monthly with tens of thousands, to hundreds of thousands of new compromised machines. Data includes Info Stealers, ransomware bots and other types of malware. Hudson’s high-fidelity data help protect employees, partners, customers, and digital assets with unprecedented granularity of threat vectors including Ransomware, Business Espionage, Breaches & Network Overtakes.‍How Kovrr uses this data‍Kovrr has extended capabilities to recognize ransomware trends and emerging techniques. This information is crucial for formulating accurate attack distributions. Kovrr leverages the data in order to enrich different parameters of its datasets. We can improve our understanding of the target audience profile by applying additional analytics on the data, Kovrr can deduct the entities who have suffered from the breach, this information may include location, job description and company. We also have extended information on the attack vector. Kovrr uses metadata regarding the attack to understand the attack vector used to install the malware, which is critical to understanding attack and exploitation patterns. Cynerio Medical and IoT devices in healthcare environments grow more numerous and vulnerable every day, and mitigating their risk is becoming more complex. The Cynerio platform uses a granular inventory classification taxonomy which tracks device types, functions, vendors, models, serial numbers, firmware/OS, MAC, and IP+ methods of medical devices. Drilldowns into VLANs, ports, kernels, HW, services, browsers, and FDA class, classification, and recalls are also provided. Cynerio then leverages this data to monitor, verify, and reduce the risk of IoT and IoMT device vulnerabilities through direct communication with vendors, third-party solution providers, and cybersecurity governance organizations.How Kovrr uses this dataKovrr has secured unique cyber information sources per industry to have more detailed data reflecting the cyber risk landscape. Kovrr receives aggregated data on compromised medical IoT devices  and relevant vulnerabilities, corresponding to companies’ geographic location, size and industry that shows instances of potential attack per type of device. For this specific source, Kovrr’s extended insights surrounding healthcare cybersecurity feeds into the industry exposure database. In turn this provides more accurate data on the frequency and severity of events affecting organizations in the healthcare industry and assists in better analysis of understanding a company’s cyber resilience.Sedric.me Sedric integrates into all communication systems of organizations and provides cyber risk management teams with a solution to securely store company interactions with internal and external users. By monitoring a wide range of interactions, Sedric uses AI to detect intentions related to regulatory, compliance, and company misconduct without the need for explicit exact phrase or rule matches.  The platform securely cleans ,encrypts and stores data associated with GDPR, PCI, PHI, and other violations before it enters a company’s system.‍How Kovrr uses this dataKovrr receives aggregated data of sensitive data records corresponding to companies’ g Threat Ransomware Malware Prediction Vulnerability Medical ★★★
kovrr.webp 2021-10-06 00:00:00 Using CRIMZON™ to assess cybersecurity hazards with an insurance portfolioThe CRIMZON™ framework allows insurance carriers to gain insights into the hazard of cyber without needing to run external scans.Read More (lien direct) In recent years, the rise to prominence of cyber risk, both as a peril and as a line of business, has created opportunities and threats to insurance companies in equal measure. Insurance executives, exposure managers and underwriters need now more than ever to understand, quantify and manage their exposures, in order to sustain profitability and to protect their balance sheets. By definition, cyber events occur due to vulnerable technology. It is therefore tempting to conclude that understanding these exposures requires knowing the full map of technologies and service providers an insured relies upon, including the granular details on how data is stored and accessed. The issue with this approach is that while this information is certainly valuable to assess the risk, it is challenging to obtain atscale due to the difficulties that arise from accessing and analyzing the data properly. Help in solving this dilemma is provided by using techniques to analyze the cyber footprint of an insured,mapping the technologies and service providers most exposed to the external world. The premise being that such analysis provides insurers with the same point of view of potential threat actors. It is fair to say this is currently the gold standard of cyber hazard analysis. Insurance carriers with large affirmative cyberbooks rely on external scans for underwriting as well as for portfolio management, often augmenting this data with information provided by the insured, mostly from third-party vendors. A direct relationship with the insured is the best way forward to understand their level of risk, however,it’s disingenuous to assume every stakeholder in the insurance industry is able to access the same level of data. Within the same company, portfolio managers often don’t have access to the same level of details as underwriters, and across entities reinsurers rely on their clients passing on data, which requires overcoming hurdles around data confidentiality as well as technical limitations on data volumes.Moreover, external scans are expensive and might not be a viable option when cyber coverage is offered as an endorsement on other lines of business.Assessing hazard insured by insured is therefore not always possible and cannot be expected to be the only way. Kovrr has developed an open framework, CRIMZON, which allows insurance stakeholders to understand hazard without running expensive analysis tools and collecting only a minimum amount of data points. This framework is designed to answer basic questions on cyber risk accumulations and estimates of Probable Maximum Loss (PML). It allows full flexibility around the type of risk analyzed,whether the focus is ransomware or cyber liability, and is consistent and compatible with the catastrophe model methodology deployed in our probabilistic cyber risk quantification solution.‍‍‍Mr. Hetul Patel, Advisor to Kovrr and Chief Actuary atLiberty Mutual Re said: “CRIMZON™ are a novel way to address the very real need for better cyber risk aggregation.Recent events have clearly highlighted that cyber loss events can’t be managed through the traditional tools that reinsurers currently use. CRIMZON have the potential to create a market standard, similar to the way cresta zones are used for natural catastrophe modelling. The use of which goes beyond aggregate and risk management, and into outward reinsurance purchasing and attracting third party capital.” ‍‍Grouping Companies Together by CRIMZON™Kovrr’s open framework Cyber Risk Accumulation Zones (CRIMZON™) groups companies together based on three characteristics: industry, location and entity size. This framework for grouping is based on research that shows that companies sharing these characteristics tend to share cyber risks. Cyber attacks would then be more likely to spread through companies within the same CRIMZON rather than hitting companies randomly.For example, a cyber attack might b Threat Ransomware Tool ★★★
kovrr.webp 2021-03-24 00:00:00 Cyber ILS: Les gestionnaires ILS ILS à risque ILS suivant recherchent de nouvelles opportunités, le cyber-risque devrait être une considération clé pour étendre le marché ILS.
Cyber ILS: The Next ILS Risk ClassAs ILS managers look for new opportunities, cyber risk should be a key consideration for expanding the ILS market.Read More
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The Next ILS Risk Class‍Insurance linked securities (ILS) are an asset class comprised of catastrophe bonds, collateralized reinsurance instruments and other forms of risk-linked securitization. Their value is affected by an insured loss event .Insurance Linked Securities are currently dominated by natural catastrophe risk (Nat Cat). However, recent loss affected years have shown that a reliance on peak Nat Cat can lead to high percentage draw-downs and large volumes of trapped collateral. Similar returns to Nat Cat can be derived from other classes with similar characteristics. If blended with Nat Cat risk, they can be used to develop better diversified portfolios with lower exposure to any one event or class, which would also lower capital exposure to any one event, while producing similar gross returns and improved net returns in the long run. In order for investor performance to continue to develop in a positive trend, it is necessary for ILS managers to improve their risk profiles. As ILS managers look for new opportunities, cyber risk should be a key consideration for expanding the ILS market. In the whitepaper, Cyber Catastrophes Explained, cyber catastrophes are defined as: An infrequent cyber event that causes severe loss, injury, or property damage to a large population of cyber exposures.A cyber event that starts with a disruption in either a service provider or a technology, and unfolds by replicating this disruption whenever possible. Nat Cat has traditionally dominated the ILS market due to its inherent characteristics, including only deep tail correlation to financial markets and short tail of loss development. Additionally, the market boasts well developed and transparent third party pricing models and a wealth of availability of investor educational material. Nat Cat is favorable for the ILS market due to the substantial and growing need for capacity from (re)insurers and its consistent definition of risk and event. It has also proven itself in its positive risk and reward transaction metrics and is accessible due to the availability of transactions through the risk and reward profile from insurance, reinsurance and retrocession. In many ways cyber risk has many parallel characteristics to Nat Cat and therefore is an ideal peril to be incorporated in ILS portfolios. In the early days of the market there was less consistency in coverage and risk definition, and modelling agencies tended to provide only a ‘black box,’ leaving underwriters of the risk with little transparency into the methodology or numbers derived from the model. However, the cyber insurance market has rapidly matured, it is growing at 21.2% CAGR with substantial new wholesale capacity required to meet the demands of a growing consumer base across all geographies. Additionally, similarly to Nat Cat, cyber risk exhibits limited correlation with major global financial markets performance except in the deep tail. It should also be noted that cyber risk is a short tail class with clarity and standardization in the definition of risk covered. In order for the market to develop, third party models will need to provide a stable and transparent pricing methodology which can be simply implemented as the core of the underwriting process. The model will need to be effective at the insurance, reinsurance and retrocession levels, and provide accuracy and functionality across the range of data types (both aggregated and detailed data can be modeled). A modeling vendor must be transparent and provide the user with the ability to educate both themselves and their investors. Kovrr provides a stable and transparent pricing methodology which can be simply implemented at the core of the underwriting process.  The model is effective at the insurance, reinsurance and retrocession levels, and has been developed to provide accuracy and functionality across the range of data types (Both aggregated and detailed data can be modelled)Quantifying risk frequencies in the cyber landsca Threat ★★★
kovrr.webp 2021-02-02 00:00:00 (Déjà vu) Mélanges clés de la montée des ransomwares en 2020: Ransomware-as-a-service et double extorse.
Key Drivers of Rise of Ransomware in 2020: Ransomware-as-a-Service and Double ExtortionThe key drivers in the rise of ransomware have been double extortion and RaaS.Read More
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Ransomware-as-a-Service and Double Extortion‍Ransomware has been a known method for cyber attacks for more than 30 years and has significantly evolved within this timespan. The growth in the number of ransomware attacks in 2020 has marked a pivotal milestone in the ransomware evolution. According to a Check Point study, Global Surges in Ransomware Attacks, in Q3 2020 the daily average of ransomware attacks has increased by 50%, and has specifically  increased by 98.1% in the United States. Additionally, the average amount of money requested by attackers in Q3 2020 increased by 178% compared to Q4 of 2019. Supporting this trend, Coalition’s Cyber Insurance Claims Report stated that more than 40% of the cyber incident claims in Q1 and Q2 2020 were due to ransomware attacks. ‍Taking into account these statistics, Kovrr has conducted research that included monitoring the  activity of trending threats actors, the attacks they were involved with and the victims of these operations through 2020. The research included data from various proprietary and third party data sources including leaked data from the dark web. The research revealed that ransomware attacks have evolved in the following two areas:‍Methodology - unlike ransomware attacks witnessed in the past, the last half year of 2020 was characterized by adoption of a new attack method which includes - stealing the company’s data along with encrypting the attacked company’s data. This practice is also known as “Double Extortion” because the attacker not only encrypts the data but also threatens to publish the company’s stolen data.  Ransomware as - a - service (RaaS) - a method that recently became popular, which enables potential attackers to purchase already existing ransomware and use it for their desired purposes. ‍Kovrr has researched 16 active ‘double extortion’ ransomware attack campaigns in the last year. Of the campaigns studied, 75% use social engineering (phishing emails) to propagate, while 25% of them involve exploiting a vulnerability in remote access software. In order to fully understand the effect of the ransomware campaigns, Kovrr applied the CRIMZON™ framework to better analyze and report findings of the research. CRIMZON are an easy to use open framework to measure and understand cyber risk exposure that focus on the minimal elements needed to describe cyber risk accumulation. Elements of the CRIMZON include location, industry, and entity size. Applying the CRIMZON framework to the ransomware campaign research found the top 5 CRIMZON exposed were: ‍US_NY_I_S [United States_New York_Services_Small Company]GB_I_S [Great Britain_Services_Small Company] CA_I_S [Canada_Services_Small Company] CA_E_S [Canada_Transportation & Communications_Small Company] US_CA_I_S [United States_California_Services_Small Company]‍Most of the attacked companies are located in the U.S. (more than 50% of the targets), followed by Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany and France. Within the U.S., the main states affected were California, Texas, Florida and New York. The industries to which most of the attacked companies belong to are Services (20% of the services category is attributed to educational services), Transportation and Communication, and Manufacturing. ‍These findings have a significant impact on the cyber insurance market both in terms of rising claim numbers and entity of the amount claimed. The increase in attacks is more concentrated in particular combinations of location, industry, and entity size (CRIMZON), meaning certain CRIMZON are more susceptible to an attack than others. This paper addresses new ransomware trend characteristics by providing an overview of two major ransomware campaigns encountered in the research; provides examples of ways in which a portfolio can be influenced as a result of the wide a Threat Ransomware Data Breach Tool Prediction Vulnerability ★★★
kovrr.webp 2020-07-27 00:00:00 (Déjà vu) Cyber Black Swansgaining Visibility dans les événements de queue lors de la gestion des portefeuilles de cyber-assurance.
Cyber Black SwansGaining visibility into tail events when managing cyber insurance portfolios.Read More
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Gaining visibility into tail events when managing cyber insurance portfolios‍In March 2011, a powerful earthquake hit off the coast of Tōhoku, Japan, generating a devastating tsunami that overwhelmed all flood defenses. Up until then, scientists did not expect an earthquake in that region beyond magnitude eight but this specific event exceeded all accepted scientific predictions and expectations with a magnitude nine. The event was unanticipated, caused major financial impact, and called upon scientists to review their understanding of subduction zones. Events like this have come to be known as black swans. Cyber is a relatively new peril in the insurance landscape; companies have limited experience in underwriting and modeling the risk, and the risk itself has evolved in line with the advances of technology. Moreover, cyber insurance is still a developing market:scope of coverage is not very consistent, and policy terms are evolving rapidly. Against this backdrop, the industry is still interrogating itself about what a cyber black swan might look like, and how much it would cost.Black swans were first discussed by Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his 2001 book Fooled by Randomness, which aptly concerned financial events. His definition was based on three main characteristics: unexpected; causing a major impact; and most importantly, explainable, event hough only in hindsight. Black swans are particularly undesirable events in the financial sector. Actuaries and exposure managers aim to avoid black swans, or to put it another way avoid unexpected volatility of losses. To be prepared for this kind of occurrence is key not only for an insurance company’s survival but also for its success.Insurance professionals need to be as proficient at understanding cyber risk as they are with other types of risk. The need stems mainly from three forces at play. Firstly, the risk already resides in insurance companies’ books in a non-affirmative form, for example claims from cyber events could affect property and casualty policies. Secondly, cyber insurance buyers are becoming more sophisticated and demanding coverage fit for their risk management needs, including limits commensurate with the potential loss. Lastly, since economies with high insurance penetration recover more quickly after a catastrophe, insurance companies have an important role to play in enhancing resilience to large cyber events in the economies where they operate.‍The Footprint of a Cyber EventAn effective solution for cyber risk management allows practitioners to identify drivers of loss—risks in the portfolio that are most likely to contribute to an event. Solutions need to properly capture the correlation within a portfolio, in order to distinguish which risks will be affected, and to what extent those risks will incur serious financial loss. For natural hazards, correlation is determined by geographic proximity. For example, in an earthquake, the most affected properties will be the ones closest to the epicenter. In cyber, geographic proximity is not enough because events propagate through computer connections.To better illustrate the problem, let’s consider a major bug in a very popular technology. For example, the type of vulnerability that might allow remote code execution, that is the ability for a malicious threat actor to take control of a server or any other endpoint. Millions of businesses, all around the world, are potentially at risk. A campaign exploiting this type of vulnerability will start with the specific aim of maximizing the return for the threat actors involved, meaning an initial target will be identified based on the industry sector and country the attack is most likely to succeed in. All these factors can be modeled, using a combination of game theory and cyber security knowledge—however, pinpointing exactly which company will be targeted first is a challenge.Often in such cases, several companies are targeted as starting points for the cyber event. Each of these initial Threat Ransomware Tool Vulnerability ★★★
kovrr.webp 2020-03-31 00:00:00 Cyber Risk - du péril au produit adoptant une nouvelle approche pour gérer le cyber-risque silencieux Lire la suite
Cyber Risk - From Peril to ProductTaking a New Approach for Managing Silent Cyber RiskRead More
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A New Approach for Managing Silent Cyber Risk‍Cyber is a multifaceted peril that is both a threat and an opportunity for the insurance industry: an opportunity because of the ever-evolving needs of coverage for businesses of any size, and a threat because of the systemic risk arising from its potential for overlap with other lines of business. Silent cyber refers to covered losses triggered by cyber events in P&C policies that were not specifically designed to cover cyber risk. Affirmative cyber refers to coverages specifically provided to protect policyholders against cyber events and presents a premium growth opportunity for insurance companies. As exposures to cyber continue to grow, insurance companies need tools to quantify the impact on allocated capital for cyber risk, regardless of whether the risk is silent or affirmative.With some estimates for accumulation across commercial lines running in the hundreds of billions, exposure managers are under pressure to more accurately estimate the potential impact of cyber events to ensure appropriate capital is held for this risk and enable decision makers, investors and regulators to quantify financial returns on a risk adjusted basis. Additionally, they are being forced to provide more transparency into methods used for measuring and controlling cyber accumulations. With various stakeholders and types of practitioners involved, the topic of cyber risk often presents seemingly conflicting priorities around managing capital at risk, estimating potential losses in existing lines of business, and finding new ways to market, through pricing new cyber specific business.Cyber events across different lines of business share a common trait. The key is to build tools capable of estimating realistic losses for both silent and affirmative cyber based on these shared traits. The focus of cyber risk for insurers should be gaining unique insights into events that truly matter -events capable of generating equity depleting losses. Measuring the impact of cyber events on capital is a three step process: identify, quantify and manage.Lately, the insurance industry seeks to consolidate most cyber risk into one dedicated line of business by implementing exclusion clauses in existing policies and inviting policy holders to “buy back” coverage. Several different wordings for such exclusions and endorsements have been introduced to the market. While intending to clearly define the scope of a cyber event and the coverage provided, the introduction of some of these clauses has produced unintended consequences. One example of this would be coverage for damage to a server due to flooding. In this example, the common expectation would be for the physical damage to the server as well as recovery of the data to be covered under flood insurance, however, the latest trend suggests data recovery might be excluded, as it relates to ‘data’, leaving a gap in coverage for property which some sources consider excessive.‍Silent and AffirmativeThe issue with silent cyber, as with any circumstance presenting unexpected claims activity, is ensuring the premium charged is commensurate with the level of risk, usually referred to as pricing adequacy. Both cyber exposure and the potential impact of losses triggered by cyber perils continues to trend upwards annually. Unexpected claims lead to unexpectedly high loss ratios which clearly erode profits but can also lead to significant damage to an insurer’s financial stability.Insurance companies protect their balance sheets by purchasing reinsurance, but reinsurers face similar issues, they are also vulnerable to silent cyber. Therefore, insurers face the prospect of being denied recoveries from cyber losses and reinsurers are stepping up demands for clarity of coverage. Efforts to resolve the situation have taken two complementary directions: a conscious attempt to price for cyber risk and the introduction of increasingly restrictive exclusion clauses.‍The Status of Cyber ExclusionsCyber Threat Tool Prediction Vulnerability ★★★
kovrr.webp 2020-03-22 00:00:00 Comment l'IoT industriel pourrait déclencher le prochain cyber-catastrophieffect d'urgence / 11 sur l'industrie manufacturière américaine révèle 7 milliards de dollars pour les eaux autres
How Industrial IoT could Trigger the Next Cyber CatastropheEffect of URGENT/11 on the US Manufacturing Industry Reveals $7 Billion ExposureRead More
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IntroductionOn 29th July 2019, the cyber security firm Armis announced that it had found eleven different vulnerabilities in the operating system ‘VXworks’ which they believe exposed around 200 million critical devices. The team at Armis dubbed this group of vulnerabilities: URGENT/11. This report explores how the discovery of URGENT/11 demonstrates the susceptibility of global manufacturing businesses to large losses from a cyber-attack event and the potential impact on commercial P&C (re)insurers.‍The Operating System at the Heart of the IssueVxWorks is a widely used, but lesser known, lightweight IoT real-time operating system (RTOS). This operating system is embedded in over 2 billion devices in the US and worldwide. These range from large-scale industrial machinery controlling installations such as nuclear power stations and oil production platforms, to smaller systems throughout the world’s automotive, aviation, agri-business, textile, logistics and pharmaceutical facilities. A malicious attack could affect what is known as the SupervisoryControl and Data Acquisition (SCADA), the system that allows industrial organizations to gather and monitor real-time data in their manufacturing and distribution systems. Critically, VxWorks is also part of what are known as Industrial Control Systems (ICS) – software that manages the industrial processes themselves.‍Not a Quick FixAs with any type of software vulnerability, affected organizations need to patch vulnerabilities quickly. However, in the case of URGENT/11, the necessary patches can be very expensive to apply immediately, because the affected devices are critical to day-to-day operations. Patching a vulnerability requires stopping or interrupting the device, which could lead to significant business disruption. Furthermore, while very large organizations have the financial and technical resources to implement system patches quickly, smaller manufacturers – who may nevertheless be critical to the supply chain – often do not. They may buy equipment that happens to contain VxWorks, but do not expect to have to maintain the software or even be aware of its existence.‍Quantifying URGENT/11’s Potential Loss Scenarios for the US Manufacturing IndustryTo understand the extent of companies that were vulnerable to URGENT/11, their susceptibility to being attacked, and the effect an attack might have industry wide, Kovrr deployed its proprietary technologies. The first step was to gather real-time information about the distribution of VxWorks in the US manufacturing sector. To achieve this, Kovrr leveraged its ability to continuously collect relevant business intelligence, cyber threat intelligence, external and internal security data. As a result, we were able to identify companies with devices that were utilizing the VxWorks operating system. For internal mapping, access to multiple security vendors\' data is essential because each vendor has its own expertise and distribution, in terms of geolocation, served industries, defense level focus, mapped devices, etc. In the case below involving an industrial sector, unique data focused on IoT devices is needed. Kovrr partners with a diverse range of data providers to detect and map beyond the firewall devices and security control mechanisms. By having access to Armis\' proprietary IoT fingerprinting technology, we were able to produce a highly granular map of any IoT device being used by one organization.We can then accurately assess any IoT related emerging vulnerability on clients\' portfolios. In order to understand the nature of these businesses, including their sector, size and place in the supply chain; we use publicly available information linked to a variety of proprietary data-sources including our own. This technique is similar in principle to the exposure-data cleansing and augmentation used by catastrophe modelers. Having developed a sophisticated view of the affected businesses, we have selected a series of events fro Threat Ransomware Prediction Industrial Vulnerability ★★★★
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