What's new arround internet
| Src | Date (GMT) | Titre | Description | Tags | Stories | Notes |
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2022-10-13 10:00:00 | The biggest concerns within the US Financial Sector in 2022 (lien direct) | This blog was written by an independent guest blogger. The value of digital payment transactions is growing as the world's payment environment moves more and more away from cash. Over the past few years, BFSI (Banking, Financial Service, and Insurance) firms have continued to be a top target for hackers. In fact, the Sixth Annual Bank Survey found that more than 70% of fintech companies named information security as their top issue. According to VMware's Modern Bank Heists study, since the COVID-19 epidemic, there have been 238% more cyberattacks on companies in the financial sector. Artificial intelligence (AI) and self-learning malware are making cyberattacks more sophisticated. While ransomware assaults are the most profitable for cybercriminals, phishing attacks prey on unsuspecting and defenseless consumers. Thus, it should come as no surprise that 39% of financial industry executives think that the overall network security threat to BFSI sector companies has increased significantly. Financial and banking firms in the US must put cybersecurity first above all else given the volume of sensitive data that the BFSI sector must manage. Leading analytics company GlobalData predicts that rising demand for cybersecurity would cause worldwide security revenues in the retail banking industry to climb from $7.9 billion in 2019 to $9.8 billion in 2024. What are the biggest concerns facing the financial sector in the United States for 2022? Reimbursing cyber scams As banks are under pressure to compensate their scammed consumers, rising cybercrime rates translate to rising costs for the industry. More than half (58%) of those who conduct their banking online encounter scams via email or SMS at least once per week, and 23% report having fallen victim to a cyberattack. Banks currently reimburse authorized push payment (APP) fraud at an average rate of 46%. Although many banking institutions are refusing reimbursements for online fraud, this is due to change soon, or else the situation will backfire. For example, measures supported by the UK government will require banks to reimburse everyone. This is only one illustration of the fact that if banks are to secure their consumers and their business line in 2022, they must prioritize cybersecurity more highly. To exchange efficient strategies, banks will need to collaborate with governments and industry organizations. The public must continue to get education on preventative measures, but ultimately it is the banks' responsibility to establish security models that will give them and their clients the greatest level of safety. Maintain compliance with strict privacy regulations The use of social engineering and account takeover fraud will increase over the next years. Financial institutions must not only conduct comprehensive data checks beyond document verification at account opening to fight this but also keep track of customer identities throughout the customer lifecycle. Banks must decide how to manage sensitive personal data like biometrics as | Ransomware Malware Vulnerability Threat Guideline | Uber | |
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2022-10-11 14:11:23 | Microsoft Patch Tuesday for October 2022 - Snort rules and prominent vulnerabilities (lien direct) |  By Jon Munshaw and Vanja Svajcer.Microsoft released its monthly security update Tuesday, disclosing 83 vulnerabilities across the company's hardware and software line, including seven critical issues in Windows' point-to-point tunneling protocol. October's security update features 11 critical vulnerabilities, with the remainder being “important.” One of the most notable vulnerabilities Microsoft fixed this month is CVE-2022-41038, a remote code execution issue in Microsoft SharePoint. There are several other SharePoint vulnerabilities included in this month's Patch Tuesday, though this seems the most severe, as Microsoft continues it to be “more likely” to be exploited. An attacker must be authenticated to the target site with the correct permissions to use manage lists in SharePoint to exploit this vulnerability, and eventually gain the ability to execute remote code on the SharePoint server. CVE-2022-37968, an elevation of privilege vulnerability in Azure Arc Connect, has the highest severity score out of all the vulnerabilities Microsoft fixed this month - a maximum 10 out of 10. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability, which affects the cluster connect feature of Azure Arc-enabled Kubernetes clusters, could allow an unauthenticated user to elevate their privileges as cluster admins and potentially gain control over the Kubernetes cluster. CVE-2022-37976 and CVE-2022-37979 are also critical elevation of privilege vulnerabilities in Windows Active Directory and Hyper-V, respectively. The Windows' point-to-point tunneling protocol, which is a network protocol used to create VPN tunnels between public networks, contains eight vulnerabilities that Microsoft disclosed Tuesday, seven of which are rated “critical” severity: CVE-2022-22035CVE-2022-24504 CVE-2022-30198 CVE-2022-33634 CVE-2022-38000 CVE-2022-38047 CVE-2022-41081 CVE-2022-38000 is the most serious among the group wit |
Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-09-20 15:00:00 | Anomali Cyber Watch: Uber and GTA 6 Were Breached, RedLine Bundle File Advertises Itself on YouTube, Supply-Chain Attack via eCommerce Fishpig Extensions, and More (lien direct) | The various threat intelligence stories in this iteration of the Anomali Cyber Watch discuss the following topics: China, Cyberespionage, Iran, Ransomware, Stealers, and Supply chain. The IOCs related to these stories are attached to Anomali Cyber Watch and can be used to check your logs for potential malicious activity.
Figure 1 - IOC Summary Charts. These charts summarize the IOCs attached to this magazine and provide a glimpse of the threats discussed.
Trending Cyber News and Threat Intelligence
Hacker Pwns Uber Via Compromised VPN Account
(published: September 16, 2022)
On September 15, 2022, ride-sharing giant Uber started an incident response after discovering a data breach. According to Group-IB researchers, download file name artifacts point to the attacker getting access to fresh keylogger logs affecting two Uber employees from Indonesia and Brazil that have been infected with Racoon and Vidar stealers. The attacker allegedly used a compromised VPN account credentials and performed multifactor authentication fatigue attack by requesting the MFA push notification many times and then making a social-engineering call to the affected employee. Once inside, the attacker allegedly found valid credentials for privilege escalation: a PowerShell script containing hardcoded credentials for a Thycotic privileged access management admin account. On September 18, 2022, Rockstar Games’ Grand Theft Auto 6 suffered a confirmed data leak, likely caused by the same attacker.
Analyst Comment: Network defenders can consider setting up alerts for signs of an MFA fatigue attack such as a large number of MFA requests in a relatively short period of time. Review your source code for embedded credentials, especially those with administrative privileges.
MITRE ATT&CK: [MITRE ATT&CK] Valid Accounts - T1078 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Credentials from Password Stores - T1555
Tags: MFA fatigue, Social engineering, Data breach, Uber, GTA 6, GTA VI, detection:Racoon, detection:Vidar, malware-type:Keylogger, malware-type:Stealer
Self-Spreading Stealer Attacks Gamers via YouTube
(published: September 15, 2022)
Kaspersky researchers discovered a new campaign spreading the RedLine commodity stealer. This campaign utilizes a malicious bundle: a single self-extracting archive. The bundle delivers RedLine and additional malware, which enables spreading the malicious archive by publishing promotional videos on victim’s Youtube channel. These videos target gamers with promises of “cheats” and “cracks.”
Analyst Comment: Kids and other online gamers should be reminded to avoid illegal software. It might be better to use different machines for your gaming and banking activities.
MITRE ATT&CK: [MITRE ATT&CK] User Execution - T1204 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Credentials from Password Stores - T1555 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Resource Hijacking - T1496
Tags: detection:RedLine, malware-type:Stealer, Bundle, Self-spreading, Telegraph, Youtub |
Ransomware Malware Tool Vulnerability Threat Guideline | Uber Uber APT 41 APT 15 | |
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2022-09-16 07:22:27 | Uber hacked, internal systems and confidential documents were allegedly compromised (lien direct) | >Uber on Thursday disclosed a security breach, threat actors gained access to its network, and stole internal documents. Uber on Thursday suffered a cyberattack, the attackers were able to penetrate its internal network and access internal documents, including vulnerability reports. According to the New York Times, the threat actors hacked an employee’s Slack account and […] | Vulnerability Threat | Uber Uber | |
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2022-09-13 17:15:08 | CVE-2022-36103 (lien direct) | Talos Linux is a Linux distribution built for Kubernetes deployments. Talos worker nodes use a join token to get accepted into the Talos cluster. Due to improper validation of the request while signing a worker node CSR (certificate signing request) Talos control plane node might issue Talos API certificate which allows full access to Talos API on a control plane node. Accessing Talos API with full level access on a control plane node might reveal sensitive information which allows full level access to the cluster (Kubernetes and Talos PKI, etc.). Talos API join token is stored in the machine configuration on the worker node. When configured correctly, Kubernetes workloads don't have access to the machine configuration, but due to a misconfiguration workload might access the machine configuration and reveal the join token. This problem has been fixed in Talos 1.2.2. Enabling the Pod Security Standards mitigates the vulnerability by denying hostPath mounts and host networking by default in the baseline policy. Clusters that don't run untrusted workloads are not affected. Clusters with correct Pod Security configurations which don't allow hostPath mounts, and secure access to cloud metadata server (or machine configuration is not supplied via cloud metadata server) are not affected. | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-09-07 21:15:08 | CVE-2022-36049 (lien direct) | Flux2 is a tool for keeping Kubernetes clusters in sync with sources of configuration, and Flux's helm-controller is a Kubernetes operator that allows one to declaratively manage Helm chart releases. Helm controller is tightly integrated with the Helm SDK. A vulnerability found in the Helm SDK that affects flux2 v0.0.17 until v0.32.0 and helm-controller v0.0.4 until v0.23.0 allows for specific data inputs to cause high memory consumption. In some platforms, this could cause the controller to panic and stop processing reconciliations. In a shared cluster multi-tenancy environment, a tenant could create a HelmRelease that makes the controller panic, denying all other tenants from their Helm releases being reconciled. Patches are available in flux2 v0.32.0 and helm-controller v0.23.0. | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-09-07 09:15:08 | CVE-2021-36782 (lien direct) | A Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information vulnerability in SUSE Rancher allows authenticated Cluster Owners, Cluster Members, Project Owners, Project Members and User Base to use the Kubernetes API to retrieve plaintext version of sensitive data. This issue affects: SUSE Rancher Rancher versions prior to 2.5.16; Rancher versions prior to 2.6.7. | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-09-01 21:15:09 | CVE-2022-2238 (lien direct) | A vulnerability was found in the search-api container in Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes when a query in the search filter gets parsed by the backend. This flaw allows an attacker to craft specific strings containing special characters that lead to crashing the pod and affects system availability while restarting. | Vulnerability Guideline | Uber | |
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2022-08-31 15:15:08 | CVE-2022-36035 (lien direct) | Flux is a tool for keeping Kubernetes clusters in sync with sources of configuration (like Git repositories), and automating updates to configuration when there is new code to deploy. Flux CLI allows users to deploy Flux components into a Kubernetes cluster via command-line. The vulnerability allows other applications to replace the Flux deployment information with arbitrary content which is deployed into the target Kubernetes cluster instead. The vulnerability is due to the improper handling of user-supplied input, which results in a path traversal that can be controlled by the attacker. Users sharing the same shell between other applications and the Flux CLI commands could be affected by this vulnerability. In some scenarios no errors may be presented, which may cause end users not to realize that something is amiss. A safe workaround is to execute Flux CLI in ephemeral and isolated shell environments, which can ensure no persistent values exist from previous processes. However, upgrading to the latest version of the CLI is still the recommended mitigation strategy. | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-08-23 11:50:56 | A walk through Project Zero metrics (lien direct) | Posted by Ryan Schoen, Project Zerotl;drIn 2021, vendors took an average of 52 days to fix security vulnerabilities reported from Project Zero. This is a significant acceleration from an average of about 80 days 3 years ago.In addition to the average now being well below the 90-day deadline, we have also seen a dropoff in vendors missing the deadline (or the additional 14-day grace period). In 2021, only one bug exceeded its fix deadline, though 14% of bugs required the grace period.Differences in the amount of time it takes a vendor/product to ship a fix to users reflects their product design, development practices, update cadence, and general processes towards security reports. We hope that this comparison can showcase best practices, and encourage vendors to experiment with new policies.This data aggregation and analysis is relatively new for Project Zero, but we hope to do it more in the future. We encourage all vendors to consider publishing aggregate data on their time-to-fix and time-to-patch for externally reported vulnerabilities, as well as more data sharing and transparency in general. Overview For nearly ten years, Google’s Project Zero has been working to make it more difficult for bad actors to find and exploit security vulnerabilities, significantly improving the security of the Internet for everyone. In that time, we have partnered with folks across industry to transform the way organizations prioritize and approach fixing security vulnerabilities and updating people’s software. To help contextualize the shifts we are seeing the ecosystem make, we looked back at the set of vulnerabilities Project Zero has been reporting, how a range of vendors have been responding to them, and then attempted to identify trends in this data, such as how the industry as a whole is patching vulnerabilities faster. For this post, we look at fixed bugs that were reported between January 2019 and December 2021 (2019 is the year we made changes to our disclosure policies and also began recording more detailed metrics on our reported bugs). The data we'll be referencing is publicly available on the Project Zero Bug Tracker, and on various open source project repositories (in the case of the data used below to track the timeline of open-source browser bugs). There are a number of caveats with our data, the largest being that we'll be looking at a small number of samples, so differences in numbers may or may not be statistically significant. Also, the direction of Project Zero's research is almost entirely influenced by the choices of individual researchers, so changes in our researc | Vulnerability Patching | Uber | ★★ |
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2022-08-18 19:15:14 | CVE-2022-35976 (lien direct) | The GitOps Tools Extension for VSCode relies on kubeconfigs in order to communicate with Kubernetes clusters. A specially crafted kubeconfig leads to arbitrary code execution on behalf of the user running VSCode. Users relying on kubeconfigs that are generated or altered by other processes or users are affected by this issue. Please note that the vulnerability is specific to this extension, and the same kubeconfig would not result in arbitrary code execution when used with kubectl. Using only trust-worthy kubeconfigs is a safe mitigation. However, updating to the latest version of the extension is still highly recommended. | Vulnerability Guideline | Uber | |
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2022-08-15 11:48:00 | Google Boosts Bug Bounty Rewards for Linux Kernel Vulnerabilities (lien direct) | Google is once again boosting the maximum bounty payouts for Linux vulnerabilities reported as part of its open-source Kubernetes-based capture-the-flag (CTF) vulnerability rewards program (VRP). | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-08-10 10:00:00 | Are cloud containers a sugar-coated threat? (lien direct) | This blog was written by an independent guest blogger. Containerization is a rapidly evolving technology in cloud-native applications. Just like computing systems, containers consist of packages of software programs with all the vital elements like binaries, files, and libraries for running an application in the environment from anywhere. Containers are lightweight, and DevOps teams develop applications and deploy services using them. Moreover, organizations also use these containers to deploy and scale the DevOps infrastructure like the CI/CD tools. A report reveals that by 2022, organizations are likely to run 24% of their workload on containers. However, despite the benefits containers offer, it doesn’t mean they are completely secure. A study revealed that 87% of organizations had deployed containers in their production, while it's found that 94% had experienced at least one security incident. Another research finds that 45% of organizations have delayed or slowed down their application deployment process because of container security issues. All these issues can cause organizations to slow down their transformation journey and bear financial and reputational loss. To avoid such circumstances, organizations need to be aware of cloud container threats and learn how to minimize risks. Why are cloud containers becoming a growing threat? Containerization is a fast-moving trend that plays a pivotal role in improving agility and boosting innovation and is necessary for application development. The adoption of containers has soared in recent years and will continue to rise - and why not, as it transforms how an organization deploys IT infrastructure. Gartner predicts that by 2023, 70% of organizations will use containerized applications. In a survey, the Cloud-Native Computing Foundation (CFNC) finds that 96% of enterprises have evaluated or actively use Kubernetes. Besides this, 68% of the IT leaders in the Red Hat State of Enterprise Open Source Report for 2022 say that container technology is on the level of other important technologies, like Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Container adoption comes with great advantages, but can also pose cybersecurity threats and challenges that adversely impact organizations. Enterprises who depend on container technology but fail to identify the security vulnerabilities and implement mitigation measures compromise their sensitive business data, including customer data. The situation becomes even more dire since most of these threats can’t be mitigated through endpoint security tools such as proxies or VPNs. Here are some of the reasons cloud containers are becoming a threat to organizations: Human error Hackers can compromise container technology in the cloud in several ways. | Malware Vulnerability Threat Guideline | Uber | |
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2022-08-06 10:46:21 | CISO workshop slides (lien direct) | A glossy, nicely-constructed and detailed PowerPoint slide deck by Microsoft Security caught my beady this morning. The title 'CISO Workshop: Security Program and Strategy' with 'Your Name Here' suggests it might be a template for use in a workshop/course bringing CISOs up to speed on the governance, strategic and architectural aspects of information security, but in fact given the amount of technical detail, it appears to be aimed at informing IT/technology managers about IT or cybersecurity, specifically. Maybe it is intended for newly-appointed CISOs or more junior managers who aspire to be CISOs, helping them clamber up the pyramid (slide 87 of 142): | Malware Vulnerability Threat Patching Guideline Medical Cloud | Uber APT 38 APT 37 APT 28 APT 19 APT 15 APT 10 APT 34 Guam | |
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2022-07-12 22:15:08 | CVE-2022-31105 (lien direct) | Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. Argo CD starting with version 0.4.0 and prior to 2.2.11, 2.3.6, and 2.4.5 is vulnerable to an improper certificate validation bug which could cause Argo CD to trust a malicious (or otherwise untrustworthy) OpenID Connect (OIDC) provider. A patch for this vulnerability has been released in Argo CD versions 2.4.5, 2.3.6, and 2.2.11. There are no complete workarounds, but a partial workaround is available. Those who use an external OIDC provider (not the bundled Dex instance), can mitigate the issue by setting the `oidc.config.rootCA` field in the `argocd-cm` ConfigMap. This mitigation only forces certificate validation when the API server handles login flows. It does not force certificate verification when verifying tokens on API calls. | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-07-12 22:15:08 | CVE-2022-31102 (lien direct) | Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. Argo CD starting with 2.3.0 and prior to 2.3.6 and 2.4.5 is vulnerable to a cross-site scripting (XSS) bug which could allow an attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript in the `/auth/callback` page in a victim's browser. This vulnerability only affects Argo CD instances which have single sign on (SSO) enabled. The exploit also assumes the attacker has 1) access to the API server's encryption key, 2) a method to add a cookie to the victim's browser, and 3) the ability to convince the victim to visit a malicious `/auth/callback` link. The vulnerability is classified as low severity because access to the API server's encryption key already grants a high level of access. Exploiting the XSS would allow the attacker to impersonate the victim, but would not grant any privileges which the attacker could not otherwise gain using the encryption key. A patch for this vulnerability has been released in the following Argo CD versions 2.4.5 and 2.3.6. There is currently no known workaround. | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-06-30 17:15:07 | CVE-2022-22472 (lien direct) | IBM Spectrum Protect Plus Container Backup and Restore (10.1.5 through 10.1.10.2 for Kubernetes and 10.1.7 through 10.1.10.2 for Red Hat OpenShift) could allow a remote attacker to bypass IBM Spectrum Protect Plus role based access control restrictions, caused by improper disclosure of session information. By retrieving the logs of a container an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to bypass login security of the IBM Spectrum Protect Plus server and gain unauthorized access based on the permissions of the IBM Spectrum Protect Plus user to the vulnerable Spectrum Protect Plus server software. IBM X-Force ID: 225340. | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-06-27 22:15:09 | CVE-2022-31098 (lien direct) | Weave GitOps is a simple open source developer platform for people who want cloud native applications, without needing Kubernetes expertise. A vulnerability in the logging of Weave GitOps could allow an authenticated remote attacker to view sensitive cluster configurations, aka KubeConfg, of registered Kubernetes clusters, including the service account tokens in plain text from Weave GitOps's pod logs on the management cluster. An unauthorized remote attacker can also view these sensitive configurations from external log storage if enabled by the management cluster. This vulnerability is due to the client factory dumping cluster configurations and their service account tokens when the cluster manager tries to connect to an API server of a registered cluster, and a connection error occurs. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by either accessing logs of a pod of Weave GitOps, or from external log storage and obtaining all cluster configurations of registered clusters. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to use those cluster configurations to manage the registered Kubernetes clusters. This vulnerability has been fixed by commit 567356f471353fb5c676c77f5abc2a04631d50ca. Users should upgrade to Weave GitOps core version v0.8.1-rc.6 or newer. There is no known workaround for this vulnerability. | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-06-27 20:15:08 | CVE-2022-31036 (lien direct) | Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. All versions of Argo CD starting with v1.3.0 are vulnerable to a symlink following bug allowing a malicious user with repository write access to leak sensitive YAML files from Argo CD's repo-server. A malicious Argo CD user with write access for a repository which is (or may be) used in a Helm-type Application may commit a symlink which points to an out-of-bounds file. If the target file is a valid YAML file, the attacker can read the contents of that file. Sensitive files which could be leaked include manifest files from other Applications' source repositories (potentially decrypted files, if you are using a decryption plugin) or any YAML-formatted secrets which have been mounted as files on the repo-server. Patches for this vulnerability has been released in the following Argo CD versions: v2.4.1, v2.3.5, v2.2.10 and v2.1.16. If you are using a version >=v2.3.0 and do not have any Helm-type Applications you may disable the Helm config management tool as a workaround. | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-06-27 19:15:08 | CVE-2022-31034 (lien direct) | Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. All versions of Argo CD starting with v0.11.0 are vulnerable to a variety of attacks when an SSO login is initiated from the Argo CD CLI or UI. The vulnerabilities are due to the use of insufficiently random values in parameters in Oauth2/OIDC login flows. In each case, using a relatively-predictable (time-based) seed in a non-cryptographically-secure pseudo-random number generator made the parameter less random than required by the relevant spec or by general best practices. In some cases, using too short a value made the entropy even less sufficient. The attacks on login flows which are meant to be mitigated by these parameters are difficult to accomplish but can have a high impact potentially granting an attacker admin access to Argo CD. Patches for this vulnerability has been released in the following Argo CD versions: v2.4.1, v2.3.5, v2.2.10 and v2.1.16. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability. | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-06-27 19:15:08 | CVE-2022-31035 (lien direct) | Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. All versions of Argo CD starting with v1.0.0 are vulnerable to a cross-site scripting (XSS) bug allowing a malicious user to inject a `javascript:` link in the UI. When clicked by a victim user, the script will execute with the victim's permissions (up to and including admin). The script would be capable of doing anything which is possible in the UI or via the API, such as creating, modifying, and deleting Kubernetes resources. A patch for this vulnerability has been released in the following Argo CD versions: v2.4.1, v2.3.5, v2.2.10 and v2.1.16. There are no completely-safe workarounds besides upgrading. | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-06-25 08:15:09 | CVE-2022-31016 (lien direct) | Argo CD is a declarative continuous deployment for Kubernetes. Argo CD versions v0.7.0 and later are vulnerable to an uncontrolled memory consumption bug, allowing an authorized malicious user to crash the repo-server service, resulting in a Denial of Service. The attacker must be an authenticated Argo CD user authorized to deploy Applications from a repository which contains (or can be made to contain) a large file. The fix for this vulnerability is available in versions 2.3.5, 2.2.10, 2.1.16, and later. There are no known workarounds. Users are recommended to upgrade. | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-06-14 12:00:00 | SBOM in Action: finding vulnerabilities with a Software Bill of Materials (lien direct) | Posted by Brandon Lum and Oliver Chang, Google Open Source Security TeamThe past year has seen an industry-wide effort to embrace Software Bills of Materials (SBOMs)-a list of all the components, libraries, and modules that are required to build a piece of software. In the wake of the 2021 Executive Order on Cybersecurity, these ingredient labels for software became popular as a way to understand what's in the software we all consume. The guiding idea is that it's impossible to judge the risks of particular software without knowing all of its components-including those produced by others. This increased interest in SBOMs saw another boost after the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released its Secure Software Development Framework, which requires SBOM information to be available for software. But now that the industry is making progress on methods to generate and share SBOMs, what do we do with them?Generating an SBOM is only one half of the story. Once an SBOM is available for a given piece of software, it needs to be mapped onto a list of known vulnerabilities to know which components could pose a threat. By connecting these two sources of information, consumers will know not just what's in what's in their software, but also its risks and whether they need to remediate any issues.In this blog post, we demonstrate the process of taking an SBOM from a large and critical project-Kubernetes-and using an open source tool to identify the vulnerabilities it contains. Our example's success shows that we don't need to wait for SBOM generation to reach full maturity before we begin mapping SBOMs to common vulnerability databases. With just a few updates from SBOM creators to address current limitations in connecting the two sources of data, this process is poised to become easily within reach of the average software consumer. OSV: Connecting SBOMs to vulnerabilitiesThe following example uses Kubernetes, a major project that makes its SBOM available using the Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) format-an international open standard (ISO) for communicating SBOM information. The same idea should apply to any project that makes its SBOM available, and for projects that don't, you can generate your own SBOM using the same bom tool Kubernetes created.We have chosen to map the SBOM to the Open Source Vulnerabilities (OSV) database, which describes vulnerabilities in a format that was specifically designed to map to open source package versions or commit hashes. The OSV database excels here as it provides a standardized format and aggregates information across multiple ecosystems (e.g., Python, Golang, Rust) and databases (e.g., Github Advisory Database (GHSA), Global Security Database (GSD)).To connect the SBOM to the database, we'll use the SPDX spdx-to-osv tool. This open source tool takes in an SPDX SBOM document, queries the OSV database of vulnerabilities, and returns an enumeration of vulnerabilities present in the software's declared components.Example: Kubernetes' SBOMThe first step is to download Kubernetes' SBOM, which is publicly available and contains information on the project, dependencies, versions, and | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-06-13 20:15:07 | CVE-2022-31054 (lien direct) | Argo Events is an event-driven workflow automation framework for Kubernetes. Prior to version 1.7.1, several `HandleRoute` endpoints make use of the deprecated `ioutil.ReadAll()`. `ioutil.ReadAll()` reads all the data into memory. As such, an attacker who sends a large request to the Argo Events server will be able to crash it and cause denial of service. A patch for this vulnerability has been released in Argo Events version 1.7.1. | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-05-20 15:15:10 | CVE-2022-29165 (lien direct) | Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. A critical vulnerability has been discovered in Argo CD starting with version 1.4.0 and prior to versions 2.1.15, 2.2.9, and 2.3.4 which would allow unauthenticated users to impersonate as any Argo CD user or role, including the `admin` user, by sending a specifically crafted JSON Web Token (JWT) along with the request. In order for this vulnerability to be exploited, anonymous access to the Argo CD instance must have been enabled. In a default Argo CD installation, anonymous access is disabled. The vulnerability can be exploited to impersonate as any user or role, including the built-in `admin` account regardless of whether it is enabled or disabled. Also, the attacker does not need an account on the Argo CD instance in order to exploit this. If anonymous access to the instance is enabled, an attacker can escalate their privileges, effectively allowing them to gain the same privileges on the cluster as the Argo CD instance, which is cluster admin in a default installation. This will allow the attacker to create, manipulate and delete any resource on the cluster. They may also exfiltrate data by deploying malicious workloads with elevated privileges, thus bypassing any redaction of sensitive data otherwise enforced by the Argo CD API. A patch for this vulnerability has been released in Argo CD versions 2.3.4, 2.2.9, and 2.1.15. As a workaround, one may disable anonymous access, but upgrading to a patched version is preferable. | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-05-20 14:15:09 | CVE-2022-24904 (lien direct) | Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. Argo CD starting with version 0.7.0 and prior to versions 2.1.15m 2.2.9, and 2.3.4 is vulnerable to a symlink following bug allowing a malicious user with repository write access to leak sensitive files from Argo CD's repo-server. A malicious Argo CD user with write access for a repository which is (or may be) used in a directory-type Application may commit a symlink which points to an out-of-bounds file. Sensitive files which could be leaked include manifest files from other Applications' source repositories (potentially decrypted files, if you are using a decryption plugin) or any JSON-formatted secrets which have been mounted as files on the repo-server. A patch for this vulnerability has been released in Argo CD versions 2.3.4, 2.2.9, and 2.1.15. Users of versions 2.3.0 or above who do not have any Jsonnet/directory-type Applications may disable the Jsonnet/directory config management tool as a workaround. | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-05-20 14:15:09 | CVE-2022-24905 (lien direct) | Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. A vulnerability was found in Argo CD prior to versions 2.3.4, 2.2.9, and 2.1.15 that allows an attacker to spoof error messages on the login screen when single sign on (SSO) is enabled. In order to exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would have to trick the victim to visit a specially crafted URL which contains the message to be displayed. As far as the research of the Argo CD team concluded, it is not possible to specify any active content (e.g. Javascript) or other HTML fragments (e.g. clickable links) in the spoofed message. A patch for this vulnerability has been released in Argo CD versions 2.3.4, 2.2.9, and 2.1.15. There are currently no known workarounds. | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-05-06 02:15:07 | CVE-2022-24878 (lien direct) | Flux is an open and extensible continuous delivery solution for Kubernetes. Path Traversal in the kustomize-controller via a malicious `kustomization.yaml` allows an attacker to cause a Denial of Service at the controller level. Workarounds include automated tooling in the user's CI/CD pipeline to validate `kustomization.yaml` files conform with specific policies. This vulnerability is fixed in kustomize-controller v0.24.0 and included in flux2 v0.29.0. Users are recommended to upgrade. | Vulnerability | Uber | ★★★★★ |
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2022-05-06 01:15:09 | CVE-2022-24877 (lien direct) | Flux is an open and extensible continuous delivery solution for Kubernetes. Path Traversal in the kustomize-controller via a malicious `kustomization.yaml` allows an attacker to expose sensitive data from the controller’s pod filesystem and possibly privilege escalation in multi-tenancy deployments. Workarounds include automated tooling in the user's CI/CD pipeline to validate `kustomization.yaml` files conform with specific policies. This vulnerability is fixed in kustomize-controller v0.24.0 and included in flux2 v0.29.0. | Vulnerability | Uber | ★★★★★ |
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2022-05-03 08:37:30 | CVE-2022-23648: Kubernetes Container Escape Using Containerd CRI Plugin and Mitigation (lien direct) | CVE-2022-23648, reported by Googleâs Project Zero in November 2021, is a Kubernetes runtime vulnerability found in Containerd, a popular Kubernetes runtime. It lies in Containerdâs CRI plugin that handles OCI image specs containing âVolumes.â The attacker can add Volume containing path traversal to the image and use it to copy arbitrary files from the host […] | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-04-26 16:24:00 | Anomali Cyber Watch: Gamaredon Delivers Four Pterodos At Once, Known-Plaintext Attack on Yanlouwang Encryption, North-Korea Targets Blockchain Industry, and More (lien direct) | The various threat intelligence stories in this iteration of the Anomali Cyber Watch discuss the following topics: APT, CatalanGate, Cloud, Cryptocurrency, Information stealers, Ransomware, and Vulnerabilities. The IOCs related to these stories are attached to Anomali Cyber Watch and can be used to check your logs for potential malicious activity.
Figure 1 - IOC Summary Charts. These charts summarize the IOCs attached to this magazine and provide a glimpse of the threats discussed.
Trending Cyber News and Threat Intelligence
SocGholish and Zloader – From Fake Updates and Installers to Owning Your Systems
(published: April 25, 2022)
Cybereason researchers have compared trending attacks involving SocGholish and Zloader malware. Both infection chains begin with social engineering and malicious downloads masquerading as legitimate software, and both lead to data theft and possible ransomware installation. SocGholish attacks rely on drive-by downloads followed by user execution of purported browser installer or browser update. The SocGholish JavaScript payload is obfuscated using random variable names and string manipulation. The attacker domain names are written in reverse order with the individual string characters being put at the odd index positions. Zloader infection starts by masquerading as a popular application such as TeamViewer. Zloader acts as information stealer, backdoor, and downloader. Active since 2016, Zloader actively evolves and has acquired detection evasion capabilities, such as excluding its processes from Windows Defender and using living-off-the-land (LotL) executables.
Analyst Comment: All applications should be carefully researched prior to installing on a personal or work machine. Applications that request additional permissions upon installation should be carefully vetted prior to allowing permissions. Additionally, all applications, especially free versions, should only be downloaded from trusted vendors.
MITRE ATT&CK: [MITRE ATT&CK] Drive-by Compromise - T1189 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Phishing - T1566 | [MITRE ATT&CK] User Execution - T1204 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Command and Scripting Interpreter - T1059 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Windows Management Instrumentation - T1047 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Masquerading - T1036 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Process Injection - T1055 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Signed Binary Proxy Execution - T1218 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Credentials from Password Stores - T1555 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets - T1558 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Steal Web Session Cookie - T1539 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Unsecured Credentials - T1552 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Remote System Discovery - T1018 | [MITRE ATT&CK] System Owner/User Discovery - T1033 | |
Ransomware Malware Tool Vulnerability Threat Guideline Medical | Uber APT 38 APT 28 | |
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2022-03-23 22:15:13 | CVE-2022-24768 (lien direct) | Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. All unpatched versions of Argo CD starting with 1.0.0 are vulnerable to an improper access control bug, allowing a malicious user to potentially escalate their privileges to admin-level. Versions starting with 0.8.0 and 0.5.0 contain limited versions of this issue. To perform exploits, an authorized Argo CD user must have push access to an Application's source git or Helm repository or `sync` and `override` access to an Application. Once a user has that access, different exploitation levels are possible depending on their other RBAC privileges. A patch for this vulnerability has been released in Argo CD versions 2.3.2, 2.2.8, and 2.1.14. Some mitigation measures are available but do not serve as a substitute for upgrading. To avoid privilege escalation, limit who has push access to Application source repositories or `sync` + `override` access to Applications; and limit which repositories are available in projects where users have `update` access to Applications. To avoid unauthorized resource inspection/tampering, limit who has `delete`, `get`, or `action` access to Applications. | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-03-23 21:15:08 | CVE-2022-24730 (lien direct) | Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. Argo CD starting with version 1.3.0 but before versions 2.1.11, 2.2.6, and 2.3.0 is vulnerable to a path traversal bug, compounded by an improper access control bug, allowing a malicious user with read-only repository access to leak sensitive files from Argo CD's repo-server. A malicious Argo CD user who has been granted `get` access for a repository containing a Helm chart can craft an API request to the `/api/v1/repositories/{repo_url}/appdetails` endpoint to leak the contents of out-of-bounds files from the repo-server. The malicious payload would reference an out-of-bounds file, and the contents of that file would be returned as part of the response. Contents from a non-YAML file may be returned as part of an error message. The attacker would have to know or guess the location of the target file. Sensitive files which could be leaked include files from other Applications' source repositories or any secrets which have been mounted as files on the repo-server. This vulnerability is patched in Argo CD versions 2.1.11, 2.2.6, and 2.3.0. The patches prevent path traversal and limit access to users who either A) have been granted Application `create` privileges or B) have been granted Application `get` privileges and are requesting details for a `repo_url` that has already been used for the given Application. There are currently no known workarounds. | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-03-23 21:15:08 | CVE-2022-24731 (lien direct) | Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. Argo CD starting with version 1.5.0 but before versions 2.1.11, 2.2.6, and 2.3.0 is vulnerable to a path traversal vulnerability, allowing a malicious user with read/write access to leak sensitive files from Argo CD's repo-server. A malicious Argo CD user who has been granted `create` or `update` access to Applications can leak the contents of any text file on the repo-server. By crafting a malicious Helm chart and using it in an Application, the attacker can retrieve the sensitive file's contents either as part of the generated manifests or in an error message. The attacker would have to know or guess the location of the target file. Sensitive files which could be leaked include files from another Application's source repositories or any secrets which have been mounted as files on the repo-server. This vulnerability is patched in Argo CD versions 2.1.11, 2.2.6, and 2.3.0. The problem can be mitigated by avoiding storing secrets in git, avoiding mounting secrets as files on the repo-server, avoiding decrypting secrets into files on the repo-server, and carefully limiting who can `create` or `update` Applications. | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-03-17 00:37:22 | New Vulnerability in CRI-O Engine Lets Attackers Escape Kubernetes Containers (lien direct) | A newly disclosed security vulnerability in the Kubernetes container engine CRI-O called cr8escape could be exploited by an attacker to break out of containers and obtain root access to the host. "Invocation of CVE-2022-0811 can allow an attacker to perform a variety of actions on objectives, including execution of malware, exfiltration of data, and lateral movement across pods," CrowdStrike | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-03-16 12:41:17 | Severe Vulnerability Patched in CRI-O Container Engine for Kubernetes (lien direct) | A severe vulnerability affecting the CRI-O container engine for Kubernetes could be exploited to escape the container and gain root access to the host, CrowdStrike reports. CRI-O is a lightweight container runtime for Kubernetes with support for OCI (Open Container Initiative) compatible runtimes. | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-03-16 07:45:00 | Kubernetes vulnerability underscores repeated security warnings (lien direct) | Pas de details / No more details | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-03-15 17:15:11 | CVE-2022-27210 (lien direct) | A cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Jenkins Kubernetes Continuous Deploy Plugin 2.3.1 and earlier allows attackers to connect to an attacker-specified SSH server using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins. | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-03-15 12:19:11 | (Déjà vu) cr8escape: New Vulnerability in CRI-O Container Engine Discovered by CrowdStrike (CVE-2022-0811) (lien direct) | CrowdStrike cloud security researchers discovered a new vulnerability (dubbed âcr8escapeâ and tracked as CVE-2022-0811) in the Kubernetes container engine CRI-O. CrowdStrike disclosed the vulnerability to Kubernetes, which worked with CRI-O to issue a patch that was released today. It is recommended that CRI-O users patch immediately. CrowdStrike customers are protected from this threat by the […] | Vulnerability Threat | Uber | |
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2022-03-15 12:19:11 | cr8escape: Zero-day in CRI-O Container Engine Discovered by CrowdStrike (CVE-2022-0811) (lien direct) | CrowdStrike cloud security researchers discovered a zero-day vulnerability (dubbed âcr8escapeâ and tracked as CVE-2022-0811) in the Kubernetes container engine CRI-O. CrowdStrike disclosed the vulnerability to Kubernetes, which worked with CRI-O to issue a patch that was released today. It is recommended that CRI-O users patch immediately. CrowdStrike customers are protected from this threat by the […] | Vulnerability Threat | Uber | |
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2022-02-22 20:15:07 | CVE-2022-23652 (lien direct) | capsule-proxy is a reverse proxy for Capsule Operator which provides multi-tenancy in Kubernetes. In versions prior to 0.2.1 an attacker with a proper authentication mechanism may use a malicious `Connection` header to start a privilege escalation attack towards the Kubernetes API Server. This vulnerability allows for an exploit of the `cluster-admin` Role bound to `capsule-proxy`. There are no known workarounds for this issue. | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-02-15 20:01:00 | Anomali Cyber Watch: Mobile Malware Is On The Rise, APT Groups Are Working Together, Ransomware For The Individual, and More (lien direct) | The various threat intelligence stories in this iteration of the Anomali Cyber Watch discuss the following topics: Mobile Malware, APTs, Ransomware, Infostealers, and Vulnerabilities. The IOCs related to these stories are attached to Anomali Cyber Watch and can be used to check your logs for potential malicious activity.
Figure 1 - IOC Summary Charts. These charts summarize the IOCs attached to this magazine and provide a glimpse of the threats discussed.
Trending Cyber News and Threat Intelligence
What’s With The Shared VBA Code Between Transparent Tribe And Other Threat Actors?
(published: February 9, 2022)
A recent discovery has been made that links malicious VBA macro code between multiple groups, namely: Transparent Tribe, Donot Team, SideCopy, Operation Hangover, and SideWinder. These groups operate (or operated) out of South Asia and use a variety of techniques with phishing emails and maldocs to target government and military entities within India and Pakistan. The code is similar enough that it suggests cooperation between APT groups, despite having completely different goals/targets.
Analyst Comment: This research shows that APT groups are sharing TTPs to assist each other, regardless of motive or target. Files that request content be enabled to properly view the document are often signs of a phishing attack. If such a file is sent to you via a known and trusted sender, that individual should be contacted to verify the authenticity of the attachment prior to opening. Thus, any such file attachment sent by unknown senders should be viewed with the utmost scrutiny, and the attachments should be avoided and properly reported to appropriate personnel.
MITRE ATT&CK: [MITRE ATT&CK] Command and Scripting Interpreter - T1059 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Phishing - T1566
Tags: Transparent Tribe, Donot, SideWinder, Asia, Military, Government
Fake Windows 11 Upgrade Installers Infect You With RedLine Malware
(published: February 9, 2022)
Due to the recent announcement of Windows 11 upgrade availability, an unknown threat actor has registered a domain to trick users into downloading an installer that contains RedLine malware. The site, "windows-upgraded[.]com", is a direct copy of a legitimate Microsoft upgrade portal. Clicking the 'Upgrade Now' button downloads a 734MB ZIP file which contains an excess of dead code; more than likely this is to increase the filesize for bypassing any antivirus scan. RedLine is a well-known infostealer, capable of taking screenshots, using C2 communications, keylogging and more.
Analyst Comment: Any official Windows update or installation files will be downloaded through the operating system directly. If offline updates are necessary, only go through Microsoft sites and subdomains. Never update Windows from a third-party site due to this type of attack.
MITRE ATT&CK: [MITRE ATT&CK] Video Capture - T1125 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Input Capture - T1056 | [MITRE ATT&CK] Exfiltration Over C2 Channel - T1041
Tags: RedLine, Windows 11, Infostealer
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Ransomware Malware Tool Vulnerability Threat Guideline | Uber APT 43 APT 36 APT-C-17 | |
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2022-02-05 21:48:25 | New Argo CD Bug Could Let Hackers Steal Secret Info from Kubernetes Apps (lien direct) | Users of the Argo continuous deployment (CD) tool for Kubernetes are being urged to push through updates after a zero-day vulnerability was found that could allow an attacker to extract sensitive information such as passwords and API keys. The flaw, tagged as CVE-2022-24348 (CVSS score: 7.7), affects all versions and has been addressed in versions 2.3.0, 2.2.4, and 2.1.9. Cloud security firm | Tool Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-02-04 18:30:00 | Major Vulnerability Found in Argo CD (lien direct) | Malicious Kubernetes Helm Charts can be exploited to steal sensitive data | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-02-04 10:43:31 | Argo CD vulnerability leaks sensitive info from Kubernetes apps (lien direct) | A vulnerability in Argo CD, used by thousands of orgs for deploying applications to Kubernetes, can be leveraged in attacks to disclose sensitive information such as passwords and API keys. [...] | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-01-25 11:56:28 | Linux kernel bug can let hackers escape Kubernetes containers (lien direct) | A vulnerability affecting Linux kernel and tracked as CVE-2022-0185 can be used to escape Kubernetes containers, giving access to resources on the host system. [...] | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-01-19 22:15:09 | CVE-2022-21701 (lien direct) | Istio is an open platform to connect, manage, and secure microservices. In versions 1.12.0 and 1.12.1 Istio is vulnerable to a privilege escalation attack. Users who have `CREATE` permission for `gateways.gateway.networking.k8s.io` objects can escalate this privilege to create other resources that they may not have access to, such as `Pod`. This vulnerability impacts only an Alpha level feature, the Kubernetes Gateway API. This is not the same as the Istio Gateway type (gateways.networking.istio.io), which is not vulnerable. Users are advised to upgrade to resolve this issue. Users unable to upgrade should implement any of the following which will prevent this vulnerability: Remove the gateways.gateway.networking.k8s.io CustomResourceDefinition, set PILOT_ENABLE_GATEWAY_API_DEPLOYMENT_CONTROLLER=true environment variable in Istiod, or remove CREATE permissions for gateways.gateway.networking.k8s.io objects from untrusted users. | Vulnerability | Uber | |
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2022-01-04 13:44:32 | Vulnerability lets anyone send emails from Uber.com (lien direct) | Researcher Seif Elsallamy recently discovered a vulnerability in Uber’s emailing system, which allows anyone to send an email on behalf of the company. If exploited, threat actors would be able to email the 57 million Uber users and drivers whose data was leaked in the 2016 data breach. Uber has been made aware of the […] | Vulnerability Threat | Uber Uber | |
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2022-01-02 09:48:35 | (Déjà vu) Uber ignores vulnerability that lets you send any email from Uber.com (lien direct) | A vulnerability in Uber's email system allows just about anyone to send emails on behalf of Uber. Uber is aware of the flaw but has decided not to fix it for now. [...] | Vulnerability | Uber Uber | |
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2022-01-02 09:48:35 | Uber dismisses vulnerability that lets you email anyone as Uber! (lien direct) | A vulnerability in Uber's email system allows just about anyone to send emails on behalf of Uber. Uber is aware of the flaw but has decided not to fix it. [...] | Vulnerability | Uber Uber |
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